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On this day September 23

2008


Kauhajoki school shooting: Matti Saari kills ten people before committing suicide.

2004


Over 3,000 people die in Haiti after Hurricane Jeanne produces massive flooding and mudslides.

2002


The first public version of the web browser Mozilla Firefox ("Phoenix 0.1") is released.

1986


Jim Deshaies of the Houston Astros sets a major league record by striking out the first eight batters he faces in a game against the Los Angeles Dodgers.

1983


Gulf Air Flight 771 is destroyed by a bomb, killing all 117 people on board.

1983


Saint Kitts and Nevis joins the United Nations.

1980


Bob Marley plays what would be his last concert in Pittsburgh.

1973


Argentine general election: Juan Perón returns to power in Argentina.

1962


The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts opens in New York City.

1950


Korean War: The Battle of Hill 282: The first US friendly-fire incident on British military personnel since World War II occurs.

1943


World War II: The Nazi puppet state known as the Italian Social Republic is founded.

1942


World War II: The Matanikau action on Guadalcanal begins: U.S. Marines attack Japanese units along the Matanikau River.

1938


Mobilization of the Czechoslovak army in response to the Munich Agreement.

1932


The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd is renamed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

1913


Roland Garros of France becomes the first to fly in an airplane across the Mediterranean (from St. Raphael France to Bizerte, Tunisia).

1911


Pilot Earle Ovington makes the first official airmail delivery in America under the authority of the United States Post Office Department

1909


The Phantom of the Opera (original title: Le Fantôme de l'Opéra), a novel by French writer Gaston Leroux, is first published as a serialization in Le Gaulois.

1905


Norway and Sweden sign the "Karlstad treaty", peacefully dissolving the Union between the two countries.

1899


American Asiatic Squadron destroys a Filipino battery at the Battle of Olongapo.

1889


Nintendo Koppai (Later Nintendo Company, Limited) is founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce and market the playing card game Hanafuda.

1868


Grito de Lares ("Lares Revolt") occurs in Puerto Rico against Spanish rule.

1846


Astronomers Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier, John Couch Adams and Johann Gottfried Galle collaborate on the discovery of Neptune.

1845


The Knickerbockers Baseball Club, the first baseball team to play under the modern rules, is founded in New York.

1821


Tripolitsa, Greece, is captured by Greek rebels during the Greek War of Independence.

1806


Lewis and Clark return to St. Louis after exploring the Pacific Northwest of the United States.

1803


Second Anglo-Maratha War: Battle of Assaye between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India.

1780


American Revolution: British Major John André is arrested as a spy by American soldiers exposing Benedict Arnold's change of sides.

1779


American Revolution: John Paul Jones on board the USS Bonhomme Richard wins the Battle of Flamborough Head.

1642


First commencement exercises occur at Harvard College.

1641


The Merchant Royal, carrying a treasure of over 100,000 pounds of gold (worth over £1 billion today), is lost at sea off Land's End.

1568


Spanish naval forces rout an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near Veracruz.

1459


Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Wars of the Roses, takes place.

1409


Battle of Kherlen, the second significant victory over Ming dynasty China by the Mongols since 1368.

1338


The Battle of Arnemuiden was the first naval battle of the Hundred Years' War and the first naval battle using artillery, as the English ship Christopher had three cannons and one hand gun.

1122


Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V agree to the Concordat of Worms to put an end to the Investiture Controversy.

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