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On this day September 14

2015


The first observation of gravitational waves was made, announced by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations on 11 February 2016.

2007


Financial crisis of 2007-2008: The Northern Rock bank experiences the first bank run in the United Kingdom in 150 years.

2003


In a referendum, Estonia approves joining the European Union.

2001


Historic National Prayer Service held at Washington National Cathedral for victims of the September 11 attacks. A similar service is held in Canada on Parliament Hill, the largest vigil ever held in the nation's capital.

2000


Microsoft releases Windows ME.

1999


Kiribati, Nauru and Tonga join the United Nations.

1998


Telecommunications companies MCI Communications and WorldCom complete their $37 billion merger to form MCI WorldCom.

1997


Eighty-one killed as five bogies of the Ahmedabad-Howrah Express plunge into a river in Bilaspur district of Madhya Pradesh, India.

1994


The Major League Baseball season is canceled because of a strike.

1992


The Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina declares the breakaway Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia to be illegal.

1985


Penang Bridge, the longest bridge in Malaysia, connecting the island of Penang to the mainland, opens to traffic.

1984


Joe Kittinger becomes the first person to fly a gas balloon alone across the Atlantic Ocean.

1982


President-elect of Lebanon Bachir Gemayel is assassinated.

1979


Afghan President Nur Muhammad Taraki is assassinated upon the order of Hafizullah Amin, who becomes the new president.

1975


The first American saint, Elizabeth Ann Seton, is canonized by Pope Paul VI.

1969


The US Selective Service selects September 14 as the First Draft Lottery date.

1960


Congo Crisis: With CIA help, Mobutu Sese Seko seizes power in a military coup, suspending parliament and the constitution.

1960


The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is founded.

1959


The Soviet probe Luna 2 crashes onto the Moon, becoming the first man-made object to reach it.

1958


The first two German post-war rockets, designed by the German engineer Ernst Mohr, reach the upper atmosphere.

1954


In a top secret nuclear test, a Soviet Tu-4 bomber drops a 40 kiloton atomic weapon just north of Totskoye village.

1944


World War II: Maastricht becomes the first Dutch city to be liberated by allied forces.

1943


World War II: The Wehrmacht starts a three-day retaliatory operation targeting several Greek villages in the region of Viannos, whose death toll would eventually exceed 500 persons.

1940


Ip massacre: The Hungarian Army, supported by local Hungarians, kill 158 Romanian civilians in Ip, Sălaj, a village in Northern Transylvania, an act of ethnic cleansing.

1939


World War II: The Estonian military boards the Polish submarine ORP Orzeł in Tallinn, sparking a diplomatic incident that the Soviet Union will later use to justify the annexation of Estonia.

1936


Raoul Villain, who assassinated the French Socialist Jean Jaures, is himself killed by Spanish Republicans in Ibiza

1917


Russia is officially proclaimed a republic.

1914


HMAS AE1, the Royal Australian Navy's first submarine, was lost at sea with all hands near East New Britain, Papua New Guinea.

1901


U.S. President William McKinley dies after an assassination attempt on September 6, and is succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt.

1862


American Civil War: The Battle of South Mountain, part of the Maryland Campaign, is fought.

1846


Jang Bahadur and his brothers massacre about 40 members of the Nepalese palace court.

1829


The Ottoman Empire signs the Treaty of Adrianople with Russia, thus ending the Russo-Turkish War.

1814


Battle of Baltimore: The poem Defence of Fort McHenry is written by Francis Scott Key. The poem is later used as the lyrics of The Star-Spangled Banner.

1812


Napoleonic Wars: The French Grande Armée enters Moscow. The Fire of Moscow begins as soon as Russian troops leave the city.

1808


Finnish War: Russians defeat the Swedes at the Battle of Oravais.

1791


The Papal States lose Avignon to Revolutionary France.

1763


Seneca warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Devil's Hole during Pontiac's War.

1752


The British Empire adopts the Gregorian calendar, skipping eleven days (the previous day was September 2).

1741


George Frideric Handel completes his oratorio Messiah.

1723


Grand Master António Manoel de Vilhena lays down the first stone of Fort Manoel in Malta.

1682


Bishop Gore School, one of the oldest schools in Wales, is founded.

1607


Flight of the Earls from Lough Swilly, Donegal, Ireland.

1402


Battle of Homildon Hill results in an English victory over Scotland.

1180


Battle of Ishibashiyama in Japan.

919


Battle of Islandbridge: High King Niall Glúndub is killed while leading an Irish coalition against the Vikings of Uí Ímair, led by King Sitric Cáech.

786


"Night of the three Caliphs": Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid caliph upon the death of his brother al-Hadi. Birth of Harun's son al-Ma'mun.

629


Emperor Heraclius enters Constantinople in triumph after his victory over the Persian Empire.

AD 81


Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.

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