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Nine Czech students are executed as a response to anti-Nazi demonstrations prompted by the death of Jan Opletal. All Czech universities are shut down and more than 1,200 students sent to concentration camps. Since this event, International Students' Day is celebrated in many countries, especially in the Czech Republic.
Omega Psi Phi Fraternity Incorporated, which is the first black Greek-lettered organization founded at an American historically black college or university, was founded on the campus of Howard University in Washington, D.C.
The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party splits into two groups: The Bolsheviks (Russian for "majority") and Mensheviks (Russian for "minority").
The Western Pennsylvania Hockey League, which later became the first ice hockey league to openly trade and hire players, began play at Pittsburgh's Schenley Park Casino.
H. H. Holmes, one of the first modern serial killers, is arrested in Boston, Massachusetts.
Serbo-Bulgarian War: The decisive Battle of Slivnitsa begins.
First assassination attempt against Umberto I of Italy by anarchist Giovanni Passannante, who was armed with a dagger. The King survived with a slight wound in an arm. Prime Minister Benedetto Cairoli blocked the aggressor, receiving an injury in a leg.
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's "Slavonic March" is given its premiere performance in Moscow, Russia.
The National Rifle Association is granted a charter by the state of New York.
In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated.
American Civil War: Siege of Knoxville begins: Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee, under siege.
American Old West: On the Sonoita River in present-day southern Arizona, the United States Army establishes Fort Buchanan in order to help control new land acquired in the Gadsden Purchase.
Oberto, Giuseppe Verdi's first opera, opens at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Italy.
Captain Nathaniel Palmer becomes the first American to see Antarctica. (The Palmer Peninsula is later named after him.)
José Miguel Carrera, Chilean founding father, is sworn in as President of the executive Junta of the government of Chile.
Sweden declares war on its ally the United Kingdom to begin the Anglo-Swedish War, although no fighting ever takes place.
The United States Congress holds its first session in Washington, D.C.
French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Bridge of Arcole: French forces defeat the Austrians in Italy.
Articles of Confederation (United States) are submitted to the states for ratification.
English explorer, writer and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh goes on trial for treason.
Elizabethan era begins: Queen Mary I of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I of England.
Henry VIII of England concluded the Treaty of Westminster, a pledge of mutual aid against the French, with Ferdinand II of Aragon.
Emperor Charles the Fat is deposed by the Frankish magnates in an assembly at Frankfurt. His nephew Arnulf of Carinthia is elected as king of the East Frankish Kingdom.
Emperor Leo II dies after a reign of ten months. He is succeeded by his father Zeno, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.
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