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On this day June 23

2016


The United Kingdom votes in a referendum to leave the European Union, by 52% to 48%.

2014


The last of Syria's declared chemical weapons are shipped out for destruction.

2013


Militants stormed a high-altitude mountaineering base camp near Nanga Parbat in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan and killed ten climbers, as well as a local guide.

2013


Nik Wallenda becomes the first man to successfully walk across the Grand Canyon on a tight rope.

2012


Ashton Eaton breaks the decathlon world record at the United States Olympic Trials.

2001


The 8.4 Mw southern Peru earthquake shakes coastal Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). A destructive tsunami followed, leaving at least 74 people dead, and 2,687 injured.

1985


A terrorist bomb aboard Air India Flight 182 brings the Boeing 747 down off the coast of Ireland killing all 329 aboard.

1973


A fire at a house in Hull, England which kills a six-year-old boy is passed off as an accident; it later emerges as the first of 26 deaths by fire caused over the next seven years by arsonist Peter Dinsdale.

1972


Title IX of the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964 is amended to prohibit sexual discrimination to any educational program receiving federal funds.

1972


Watergate scandal: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon and White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman are taped talking about using the Central Intelligence Agency to obstruct the Federal Bureau of Investigation's investigation into the Watergate break-ins.

1969


IBM announces that effective January 1970 it will price its software and services separately from hardware thus creating the modern software industry.

1969


Warren E. Burger is sworn in as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court by retiring Chief Justice Earl Warren.

1967


Cold War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson meets with Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey for the three-day Glassboro Summit Conference.

1961


Cold War: The Antarctic Treaty, which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on the continent, comes into force after the opening date for signature set for the December 1, 1959.

1960


The United States Food and Drug Administration declares Enovid to be the first officially approved combined oral contraceptive pill in the world.

1959


Convicted Manhattan Project spy Klaus Fuchs is released after only nine years in prison and allowed to emigrate to Dresden, East Germany where he resumes a scientific career.

1956


The French National Assembly takes the first step in creating the French Community by passing the Loi Cadre, transferring a number of powers from Paris to elected territorial governments in French West Africa.

1951


The ocean liner, SS United States, is christened and launched.

1947


The United States Senate follows the United States House of Representatives in overriding U.S. President Harry Truman's veto of the Taft-Hartley Act.

1946


The 1946 Vancouver Island earthquake strikes Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.

1942


World War II: Germany's latest fighter aircraft, a Focke-Wulf Fw 190, is captured intact when it mistakenly lands at RAF Pembrey in Wales.

1941


The Lithuanian Activist Front declares independence from the Soviet Union and forms the Provisional Government of Lithuania; it lasts only briefly as the Nazis will occupy Lithuania a few weeks later.

1940


Adolf Hitler goes on a three-hour tour of the architecture of Paris with architect Albert Speer and sculptor Arno Breker in his only visit to the city.

1938


The Civil Aeronautics Act is signed into law, forming the Civil Aeronautics Authority in the United States.

1931


Wiley Post and Harold Gatty take off from Roosevelt Field, Long Island in an attempt to circumnavigate the world in a single-engine plane.

1926


The College Board administers the first SAT exam.

1919


Estonian War of Independence: The decisive defeat of the Baltische Landeswehr in the Battle of Cēsis; this date is celebrated as Victory Day in Estonia.

1917


In a game against the Washington Senators, Boston Red Sox pitcher Ernie Shore retires 26 batters in a row after replacing Babe Ruth, who had been ejected for punching the umpire.

1914


Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa takes Zacatecas from Victoriano Huerta.

1913


Second Balkan War: The Greeks defeat the Bulgarians in the Battle of Doiran.

1894


The International Olympic Committee is founded at the Sorbonne in Paris, at the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin.

1887


The Rocky Mountains Park Act becomes law in Canada creating the nation's first national park, Banff National Park.

1868


Typewriter: Christopher Latham Sholes received a patent for an invention he called the "Type-Writer."

1865


American Civil War: At Fort Towson in the Oklahoma Territory, Confederate, Brigadier General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant rebel army.

1860


The United States Congress establishes the Government Printing Office.

1812


War of 1812: Great Britain revokes the restrictions on American commerce, thus eliminating one of the chief reasons for going to war.

1810


John Jacob Astor forms the Pacific Fur Company.

1794


Empress Catherine II of Russia grants Jews permission to settle in Kiev.

1780


American Revolution: Battle of Springfield fought in and around Springfield, New Jersey (including Short Hills, formerly of Springfield, now of Millburn Township).

1760


Seven Years' War: Battle of Landeshut: Austria defeats Prussia.

1758


Seven Years' War: Battle of Krefeld: Allied (British, Hanoverian, and Prussian) forces defeat French troops at Krefeld in Germany.

1757


Battle of Plassey: Three thousand British troops under Robert Clive defeat a 50,000-strong Indian army under Siraj ud-Daulah at Plassey.

1713


The French residents of Acadia are given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia, Canada.

1683


William Penn signs a friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Indians in Pennsylvania.

1611


The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson's fourth voyage sets Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in what is now Hudson Bay; they are never heard from again.

1594


The Action of Faial, Azores. The Portuguese carrack "Chagas", loaded with slaves and treasure, is attacked and sunk by English ships with only 13 survivors out of over 1000 on board.

1565


Dragut, commander of the Ottoman navy, dies during the Great Siege of Malta.

1532


Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France sign a secret treaty against Emperor Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

1314


First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn (south of Stirling) begins.

1305


A peace treaty between the Flemish and the French is signed at Athis-sur-Orge.

1280


The Battle of Moclín takes place in the context of the Spanish Reconquista pitting the forces of the Kingdom of Castile against the Emirate of Granada. The battle resulted in a Granadian victory.

1180


First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan.

229


Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu.

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