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On this day June 15

2013


A bomb explodes on a bus in the Pakistani city of Quetta, killing at least 25 people and wounding 22 others.

2012


Nik Wallenda becomes the first person to successfully tightrope walk directly over Niagara Falls.

2001


Leaders of the People's Republic of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan formed the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

1996


The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonates a powerful truck bomb in the middle of Manchester, England, devastating the city centre and injuring 200 people.

1994


Israel and Vatican City establish full diplomatic relations.

1992


The United States Supreme Court rules in United States v. Álvarez-Machaín that it is permissible for the United States to forcibly extradite suspects in foreign countries and bring them to the United States for trial, without approval from those other countries.

1991


In the Philippines, Mount Pinatubo erupts in the second largest volcanic eruption of the 20th Century. In the end, over 800 people die.

1985


Rembrandt's painting Danaë is attacked by a man (later judged insane) who throws sulfuric acid on the canvas and cuts it twice with a knife.

1978


King Hussein of Jordan marries American Lisa Halaby, who takes the name Queen Noor.

1977


After the death of dictator (in 1975) Francisco Franco, the first democratic elections took place in Spain on this day.

1972


Red Army Faction co-founder Ulrike Meinhof is captured by police in Langenhagen.

1970


Charles Manson goes on trial for the Sharon Tate murders.

1944


In the Saskatchewan general election, the CCF, led by Tommy Douglas, is elected and forms the first socialist government in North America.

1944


World War II: Battle of Saipan: The United States invade Japanese-occupied Saipan.

1940


World War II: Operation Ariel begins: Allied troops start to evacuate France, following Germany's takeover of Paris and most of the nation.

1937


A German expedition led by Karl Wien loses sixteen members in an avalanche on Nanga Parbat. It is the worst single disaster to occur on an 8000m peak.

1936


First flight of the Vickers Wellington bomber.

1934


The United States Great Smoky Mountains National Park is founded.

1921


Bessie Coleman earns her pilot's license, becoming the first female pilot of African-American descent.

1920


A new border treaty between Germany and Denmark gives northern Schleswig to Denmark.

1919


John Alcock and Arthur Brown complete the first nonstop transatlantic flight when they reach Clifden, County Galway, Ireland.

1916


United States President Woodrow Wilson signs a bill incorporating the Boy Scouts of America, making them the only American youth organization with a federal charter.

1904


A fire aboard the steamboat SS General Slocum in New York City's East River kills 1,000.

1896


The deadliest tsunami in Japan's history kills more than 22,000 people.

1888


Crown Prince Wilhelm becomes Kaiser Wilhelm II; he will be the last Emperor of the German Empire. Due to the death of his predecessors Wilhelm I and Frederick III, 1888 is the Year of the Three Emperors.

1878


Eadweard Muybridge takes a series of photographs to prove that all four feet of a horse leave the ground when it runs; the study becomes the basis of motion pictures.

1877


Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy.

1864


Arlington National Cemetery is established when 200 acres (0.81 km2) around Arlington Mansion (formerly owned by Confederate General Robert E. Lee) are officially set aside as a military cemetery by U.S. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.

1864


American Civil War: The Second Battle of Petersburg begins.

1859


Pig War: Ambiguity in the Oregon Treaty leads to the "Northwestern Boundary Dispute" between United States and British/Canadian settlers.

1846


The Oregon Treaty establishes the 49th parallel as the border between the United States and Canada, from the Rocky Mountains to the Strait of Juan de Fuca.

1844


Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber.

1836


Arkansas is admitted as the 25th U.S. state.

1808


Joseph Bonaparte becomes King of Spain.

1804


New Hampshire approves the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratifying the document.

1776


Delaware Separation Day: Delaware votes to suspend government under the British Crown and separate officially from Pennsylvania.

1752


Benjamin Franklin proves that lightning is electricity (traditional date, the exact date is unknown).

1670


The first stone of Fort Ricasoli is laid down in Malta.

1667


The first human blood transfusion is administered by Dr. Jean-Baptiste Denys.

1648


Margaret Jones is hanged in Boston for witchcraft in the first such execution for the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

1520


Pope Leo X threatens to excommunicate Martin Luther in Exsurge Domine.

1502


Christopher Columbus lands on the island of Martinique on his fourth voyage.

1410


In a decisive battle at Onon River, the Mongol forces of Oljei Temur were decimated by the Chinese armies of the Yongle Emperor.

1389


Battle of Kosovo: The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbs and Bosnians.

1312


At the Battle of Rozgony, King Charles I of Hungary wins a decisive victory over the family of Palatine Amade Aba.

1300


The city of Bilbao is founded.

1246


With the death of Frederick II, Duke of Austria, the Babenberg dynasty ends in Austria.

1219


Northern Crusades: Danish victory at the Battle of Lyndanisse (modern-day Tallinn) establishes the Danish Duchy of Estonia.

1215


King John of England puts his seal to Magna Carta.

1184


King Magnus V of Norway is killed at the Battle of Fimreite.

923


Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and King Charles the Simple is arrested by the supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy.

844


Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II.

763 BC


Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history.

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