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On this day April 23

2013


At least 28 people are killed and more than 70 are injured as violence breaks out in Hawija, Iraq.

2005


The first ever YouTube video, titled "Me at the zoo", was published by user "jawed".[1]

1993


Sri Lankan politician Lalith Athulathmudali is assassinated while addressing a gathering, approximately four weeks ahead of the Provincial Council elections for the Western Province.

1993


Eritreans vote overwhelmingly for independence from Ethiopia in a United Nations-monitored referendum.

1990


Namibia becomes the 160th member of the United Nations and the 50th member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

1985


Coca-Cola changes its formula and releases New Coke. The response is overwhelmingly negative, and the original formula is back on the market in less than three months.

1971


Bangladesh Liberation War: The Pakistan Army and Razakars massacre approximately 3,000 Hindu emigrants in the Jathibhanga area of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).

1968


Vietnam War: Student protesters at Columbia University in New York City take over administration buildings and shut down the university.

1967


Soviet space program: Soyuz 1 (Russian: Союз 1, Union 1) a manned spaceflight carrying cosmonaut Colonel Vladimir Komarov is launched into orbit.

1961


Algiers putsch by French generals.

1951


American journalist William N. Oatis is arrested for espionage by the Communist government of Czechoslovakia.

1949


Chinese Civil War: Establishment of the People's Liberation Army Navy.

1946


Manuel Roxas is elected the last President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

1945


World War II: Adolf Hitler's designated successor Hermann Göring sends him a telegram asking permission to take leadership of the Third Reich, which causes Hitler to replace him with Joseph Goebbels and Karl Dönitz.

1942


World War II: Baedeker Blitz - German bombers hit Exeter, Bath and York in retaliation for the British raid on Lübeck.

1941


World War II: The Greek government and King George II evacuate Athens before the invading Wehrmacht.

1940


The Rhythm Club fire at a dance hall in Natchez, Mississippi, kills 198 people.

1935


The Polish Constitution of 1935 is adopted.

1927


Cardiff City defeat Arsenal in the FA Cup Final, the only time it has been won by a team not based in England.

1920


The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) is founded in Ankara. The assembly denounces the government of Sultan Mehmed VI and announces the preparation of a temporary constitution.

1918


World War I: The British Royal Navy makes a raid in an attempt to neutralise the Belgian port of Bruges-Zeebrugge.

1914


First baseball game at Wrigley Field, then known as Weeghman Park, in Chicago.

1879


Fire burns down the second main building and dome of the University of Notre Dame, which prompts the construction of the third, and current, Main Building with its golden dome.

1815


The Second Serbian Uprising: A second phase of the national revolution of the Serbs against the Ottoman Empire, erupts shortly after the annexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire.

1661


King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland is crowned in Westminster Abbey.

1660


Treaty of Oliva is established between Sweden and Poland.

1655


The Siege of Santo Domingo begins during the Anglo-Spanish War, and fails seven days later.

1635


The first public school in the United States, Boston Latin School, is founded in Boston.

1521


Battle of Villalar: King Charles I of Spain defeats the Comuneros.

1516


The Bayerische Reinheitsgebot (regarding the ingredients of beer) is signed in Ingolstadt.

1348


The founding of the Order of the Garter by King Edward III is announced on St. George's Day.

1343


St. George's Night Uprising commences in the Duchy of Estonia.

1016


Edmund Ironside succeeds his father Æthelred the Unready as king of England.

1014


Battle of Clontarf: High King of Ireland Brian Boru defeats Viking invaders, but is killed in battle.

711


Dagobert III is crowned King of the Franks.

599


Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in southern Mexico, defeating queen Yohl Ik'nal and sacking the city.

215 BC


A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene.

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